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Salt reduction is important for reducing hypertension and the risk of cardiovascular events, nevertheless worldwide salt intakes are above recommendations. Consequently strategies to reduce intake are required, however these require an understanding of salt intake behaviours to be effective. As limited information is available on this, an international study was conducted to derive knowledge on salt...
The public health literature suggests that the cheapness of energy-dense foods is driving the obesity epidemic. We examined food purchases in low-income families and its relationship to the price of food and availability of funds. In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 parents with children less than 15years of age whose major source of income was a government pension. A photo taxonomy, where...
Mapping food-evoked emotions in addition to sensory profiling is topical. For sensory profiling, Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) method focus on temporal evolution of sensory attributes over time. It seems plausible that food-evoked emotions show similar temporal dynamics that could be related to sensory dynamics. This study assessed temporal dynamics of sensory and emotional attributes during...
The purpose of this study was to examine the basic psychometric proprieties of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and its measurement invariance across sex, BMI-status (normal weight/overweight), and age in a community sample of 990 Italian adults. The analysis of the dimensionality of the DEBQ using exploratory factor analysis revealed the existence of three major factors – emotional,...
It is generally assumed that cue-reactivity results from appetitive Pavlovian learning. This is the reason for applying cue exposure with response prevention interventions in the treatment of substance and eating disorders. However, not all appetitive conditioned responses are equally sensitive to extinction. Additionally, impulsivity traits appear to moderate cue-reactivity. Nevertheless, there has...
Previous research has shown that parental reports of food neophobia and sensory sensitivity are associated with lower fruit & vegetable (FV) intake in children. This study aimed to pilot a behavioural measure of sensory play in young children. The primary aim of the study was to see whether children’s enjoyment of sensory play could predict children’s FV consumption, as well as child food neophobia...
This study investigated the effects of a brief mindfulness-based cognitive defusion task on chocolate craving. Sixty chocolate cravers were assigned to one of three conditions: cognitive defusion, relaxation control, or no-task control. All participants underwent a craving induction before being asked to sit in front of five chocolate products for 10min and let their mind wander. Those in the defusion...
The adiposity hormone leptin has been implicated in the regulation of behavioral and metabolic controls of body weight. Leptin receptors are found in multiple peripheral and central tissues, particularly within hypothalamic and brainstem neuronal populations. Central leptinergic signaling acts as an indirect control to modulate the feeding inhibitory potency of the direct controls of meal size. Mouse...
This study aimed to identify those factors affecting coach identification of disordered eating (DE) among athletes. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with eleven athletic coaches, with experience of coaching at national and international level. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and later analysed using thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke (2006). Coaches reported...
Previous work has suggested individual differences in impulsive responding relate to scores on both the disinhibition (TFEQ-D) and restraint (TFEQ-R) scales of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). This study is the first to examine whether these relationships are modified by exposure to food cues prior to impulsivity testing. Female participants (n=96) were allocated to conditions in which...
Consumption of food triggers a series of physiological responses that serve to optimise digestion, absorption and use of the ingested nutrients. These responses can also be conditioned, so can be elicited by cues that previously predicted food intake. Increased blood flow to the liver is one such response; however, the changes that occur pre- and post-prandially are not well-understood in humans....
Impaired facial expression recognition (FER) has been found to be related to clinical and subclinical disordered eating. Impairments in attention and executive function have also been associated with FER deficits in a number of psychological disorders, and with eating psychopathology. The current study aimed to determine whether FER deficits observed in disordered eating reflect more global impairments...
Exposure to large portion sizes has been linked with positive energy balance and weight gain but the mechanism is unclear. Large portions may influence the amount of food we put in our mouth (bite size), how fast we consume it (eating rate), or how this speed is maintained over the course of the meal (deceleration rate). We present preliminary data on the eating rate (ER), bite size (BS) and deceleration...
This study examined the effects of an acute bout of low-intensity cycling on food intake and energy expenditure over four days. Thirty healthy, active (n=15) and inactive (n=15) men completed two conditions (exercise and control), in a randomised crossover fashion. The exercise experimental day involved cycling for one hour at an intensity equivalent to 50% of maximum oxygen uptake and two hours of...
School-aged children spend a substantial amount of time interacting with other children. Recent work has suggested that peers and friends influence children’s eating attitudes and behaviours, but it is unclear whether there are any differences between the effect that friends versus peers may have on children’s eating. The research presented considers the effect of groups of friends and groups of peers...
Although milk and dairy products are seen as an important part of a child’s diet, their consumption is declining. The aim of this study is to investigate the consumption of milk and flavored milk among a sample of 513 Belgian children aged between 8 and 13years. In addition, the association between flavored milk brands and emotions is examined. Children prefer and consume more flavored than plain...
Expected satiety (ES; the anticipated capacity of a portion of food to provide relief from hunger) is negatively associated with self-selected portion size and positively associated with self-reported fullness after a meal. Therefore, the modification of ES represents a potentially useful target for reducing food intake without an accompanying reduction in the ‘satisfaction’ experienced. ES was previously...
Negative affect has been linked to abnormal eating patterns. The present study examined the impact of a video-clip aimed at inducing positive mood in a sample of healthy controls (HCs; N=35) and a sample of patients with anorexic symptoms (EDs; N=13). Participants took part in two experimental sessions comparing the use of a vodcast to increase positive mood (experimental condition) with the use of...
Previous work has established that stronger satiety is generated by covert manipulation of energy in a drink context when presented with satiety-congruent sensory characteristics (thicker texture and creamier flavour). Here we tested whether these effects were modified by repeated exposure. Forty-eight healthy unrestrained men were tested on seven days: pre-exposure (day 1), 4days exposure, post-exposure...
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